更新: 2020年1月15日
皆さん、
おはようございます！
明日祝日ですから、やっと休めます。
今日、「でも」、「しかし」、「ただし」、「が」について説明しようと思います。
「が」は対比的：私はそうしようと思うが、彼はそうではない。
私と彼の状況の対比
-が
1 〔しかし〕 but; however; (and) yet; still; 〔…だけれども〕 though; although; while.
▲見かけはごついが, 根は優しい男だ. He looks rough [He has a tough look], but he’s kind at heart. | He has a kind heart in spite of his rough exterior.
･行きたいが暇がない. I’d like to go, but I don’t have time.
･もう全快したが, 油断は禁物だ. I’m completely better [recovered], but I can’t afford to take any risks. | Although I’m completely cured, I still have to be careful.
･兄は豪胆だが, 弟は少し臆病だ. The elder brother is daring, but the younger one is a little timid.
･二度と彼に会うことはなかったが, それを残念だとも思わなかった. I never saw him again, but I wasn’t sorry. | Although that was the last I saw of him, I didn’t regret it.
･行ければ行くのですが. I’d go if I could.
･ご厚意はありがたいのですが, この話はお受けしかねます. Thank you very much for thinking of me [I am most grateful for your kindness], but I’m afraid I cannot accept your proposal. | Grateful though I am for your proposal, I’m afraid I must decline.
2 〔前置き〕/preface, introduction
▲すでにお聞き及びかと思いますが, このたび結婚することになりました. As I think you may already have heard, we are going to get married. | You may already have heard that I am going to get married.
･さっきも言ったが, 集合時刻には絶対に遅れないように. To repeat: be absolutely sure to come [assemble] on time. | As I just said, it is essential that nobody arrives late.
･例の契約の件ですが, その後どうなってますか? About that contract. How is it going? | How is that contract coming along?
･郵便局に行きますが, 何か用はないですか? I’m going to the post office. Is there anything I can do for you (there)? | Is there anything I can do for you at the post office?
･雑誌で読んだんだが, 酒を飲んだほうが長生きするんだってね. I read in a magazine that [According to a magazine I read,] drinking (alcohol) makes you live longer. | A magazine I read says that drinking increases life expectancy.
･昨日宝塚歌劇へ行ったが, 実におもしろかった. Yesterday I went to the Takarazuka Review and had a really great time.
「悪いのはあなたでしょ?」「それはそうなんだが」 ”It’s your fault, isn’t it?”―”I admit that. Still [But even so]….”
・「払い戻しはできないんですか?」「はい, 申し訳ございませんが」 ”Can’t I get a refund?”―”I’m afraid not. I’m sorry. ｜ I’m very sorry, but I’m afraid that it is not possible.”
・あのう, その傘, 私のじゃないかと思うんですが. Excuse me, but I think that’s [that may be] my umbrella.
・今日はちょっと早く帰りたいんですが. May I [Do you mind if I] leave a little early today?
4 〔「…ばいいが」の形で危惧・願望を表す〕
無事帰ってくればよいが. I (do) hope they get [they’ll get] back safely. ｜ If they only come back safe (and sound)!
・今夜中に熱が引いてくれればいいが. I hope the temperature will come down [return to normal] tonight.
・何か悪いことが起こらねばいいが. I (do) hope nothing goes wrong [nothing bad happens]. ｜ God forbid anything nasty happens!
5 〔「…うが」, 「…まいが」の形で無関係であることを表す〕
結婚しようがしまいが私の勝手でしょ. It’s nothing to do with you whether I get married or not. ｜ Whether I get married (or not) is my own business.
・口紅を塗ろうが白粉(おしろい)をはたこうが土台は変わらない. Whether you put lipstick on or powder your face, your face stays basically the same. ｜ Putting on lipstick or powder doesn’t [won’t] change the way your face is made.
・だれだろうが, 邪魔する奴は許さん. I won’t let anyone interfere; I don’t care [give a damn] who it is.
・どうなろうが知ったことか. I don’t care [give a damn] what happens. ｜ It’s nothing to me what happens.
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「ただし」は補完的で言外のことを指す：全て良い。ただしこの作品を除いての話だが。
少し強調されます
Used when you wanna add on something to the existing information. Used when you want to emphasize something.
・自由に外出してよい. ただし門限は厳守すること. You may go out whenever you wish, but you have to be back before the curfew [front gate is locked].
・会長の任期は 3 年とする. ただし再任は妨げない. The president’s term of appointment shall be three years. There is no impediment, however, to reappointment.
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「しかし」は前文を撤回する感じ：作戦は幾通りもある。しかし遂行するには無理だ。
彼は勉強ができる。しかし、スポーツは全然駄目だ。
しかし
1 〔逆接; だが〕 but; however; still; (and) yet; nevertheless; notwithstanding. [⇒しかしながら]
▲雨だ. しかし, 行かねばならない. It’s raining. And yet [Still,] I have to go.
2 〔話題転換; それはそれとして〕
▲冬になった. しかしキリギリスには蓄えがなかった. Winter came. Now, the grasshopper had not stored up any food.
･｢給料上げてくれるって言ったじゃないですか｣｢しかしねえ, うちも不景気でねえ｣ “Didn’t you say you’d give us a wage hike?”―”Yes [I know], but listen, this company’s business is suffering, you know.”
3 〔感動; それにしても〕
▲しかしきれいな夕焼けだ. Gee, it’s a pretty red sunset!
･しかしだね, この原稿は君, あまりにひどいよ. Gee whiz, man, this manuscript is in just too horrible a state!
･しかし, おかしいね. It’s strange, though.
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「でも」は言い足りないことを言う感じ：皆私を怒った。でもあなたは違った。
何か一つ言いたいことがあるニュアンス
和食は好きです。でも、納豆はまだ食べられません。
でも
1 〔だが〕 but; yet; still; though; however; and (then).
▲私は何の力もない, でも, 私に話してほしかった. There may not be anything I could have done, but still, I wish you had talked to me about it.
･管理職はつらい, でも, 昇進は悪くない. It’s hard being a manager but, for all that, being promoted is not such a bad thing.
･戦争ですべてを失った. でも, 君がいるから生きてゆける. I lost everything in the war, but I can still go on living because ┌I’ve got you [you are here].
2 〔弁解の前置き〕 well…; but….
▲｢なぜもっと早く起きなかったの｣｢でも, 眠かったんだもの｣ “Why didn’t you get up
earlier?”―”Well, I was feeling sleepy.”
Does not fully negate what you want to say.
源： Yahoo! 知恵袋 / 新和英大辞典
learnjapanese.sg 